区别: escape, encodeuri, encodeURIComponent

• escape: deprecated, you shouldn't use.

• encodeURI: encodes characters that are not allowed (raw) in URLs (use it to fix up broken URIs if you can't fix them beforehand), replaces all characters except:

    ; , / ? : @ & = + $ - _ . ! ~ * ' ( ) # a-z 0-9
  

• encodeURIComponent: as encodeURI plus characters with special meaning in URIs (use it to encode data for inserting into a URI), , replaces all characters except:

    - _ . ! ~ * ' ( ) a-z 0-9
  

For the visually minded, here's a table showing the effects of encodeURI, encodeURIComponent and escape on the commonly-used symbolic ASCII characters:

char  encURI  encURIComp  escape
*     *       *           *
.     .       .           .
_     _       _           _
-     -       -           -
~     ~       ~           %7E
'     '       '           %27
!     !       !           %21
(     (       (           %28
)     )       )           %29
/     /       %2F         /
+     +       %2B         +
@     @       %40         @
?     ?       %3F         %3F
=     =       %3D         %3D
:     :       %3A         %3A
#     #       %23         %23
;     ;       %3B         %3B
,     ,       %2C         %2C
$     $       %24         %24
&     &       %26         %26
      %20     %20         %20
%     %25     %25         %25
^     %5E     %5E         %5E
[     %5B     %5B         %5B
]     %5D     %5D         %5D
{     %7B     %7B         %7B
}     %7D     %7D         %7D
<     %3C     %3C         %3C
>     %3E     %3E         %3E
"     %22     %22         %22
\     %5C     %5C         %5C
|     %7C     %7C         %7C
`     %60     %60         %60

和 Base64 比较: Base64 包含了 a-z, A-Z, 0-9, /, + 等 64 个字符 (最后有可能包含 =，只是填充字符)